The Abelian sandpile model, also known as the Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld model, was the first discovered example of a dynamical system displaying self-organized criticality. It was introduced by Per Bak, Chao Tang and Kurt Wiesenfeld in a 1987 paper.The model is a cellular automaton. In its original formulation, each site on a finite grid has an associated value that corresponds to the slope of the pile.
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