The Fall of Constantinople (Greek: Άλωση της Κωνσταντινούπολης, Alōsē tēs Kōnstantinoupolēs; Turkish: İstanbul'un Fethi Conquest of Istanbul) was the capture of the capital of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire by an invading army of the Ottoman Empire on Tuesday, 29 May 1453. The Ottomans were commanded by 21-year-old Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, who defeated an army commanded by Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos.
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| - The Fall of Constantinople (Greek: Άλωση της Κωνσταντινούπολης, Alōsē tēs Kōnstantinoupolēs; Turkish: İstanbul'un Fethi Conquest of Istanbul) was the capture of the capital of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire by an invading army of the Ottoman Empire on Tuesday, 29 May 1453. The Ottomans were commanded by 21-year-old Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, who defeated an army commanded by Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos.
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| - * 30,000 enslaved or deported
- * 4,000 killed in total (including combatants and civilians)
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- *22pxOttoman Defectors
- *22pxOttoman Empire
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| - * c: More specifically, theByzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
- * g: This Venetian captain was not an official sent by Venice, instead, he was the leader of the Venetian colony in the city and guaranteed his full support by the Ottomans navally, by supplying them with the ships the Venetians had in their harbour.
- * b: Figures according to contemporaneous Western/Christian estimates
- * d: The Kingdom of Sicily mainly donated ships and a few soldiers, it was not official however, and was done by several Cardinals.
- * f: The Genoese captain Giovanni Giustiniani Longo was wounded in battle, but managed to escape, he died during the early days of June 1453.
- * e: The Venetians decided to make a peace treaty with the Ottomans in September 1451, because their Doge was on good terms already with the Ottomans and they did not want to ruin a relationship. They also did not want the Ottomans to interfere with their trade in the Black Sea and Mediterranean. The Venetians' efforts mainly included giving Constantine XI ships and a total of 800 soldiers in February 1453. The Venetians also promised that a larger fleet would arrive to save Constantine, this fleet would be full of ammunition, fresh soldiers and supplies. This fleet never came.
- * a: Figures according to recent estimates and Ottoman archival data. The Ottoman Empire, for demographic reasons, would not have been able to put more than 80,000 men into the field at the time.
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| - * Decisive Ottoman victory
- Fall of the Byzantine Empire
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| - * 26 ships
- * 7,000-10,000-12,000
- * 70 ships, 20 galleys
- * 90 - 126 ships
- 100,000–160,000–200,000 to 300,000
- 50,000-80,000
- 70cannons (14 large and 56 smallcaliber)
- Ottomans:
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- * 600 Ottoman defectors Of the 7,000 - 12,000 soldiers in the Byzantine army, 700 were both Genoese and Greek from the island of Chios and Genoa (400 were recruited at Genoa and 300 at Chios), 800 soldiers led by the Venetians (mostly of Cretan origin, and renowned for having fought heroically during the siege), 200 men from Cardinal Isidore, all of which were archers. By nationality, there were 5,000 Greeks and 2,000 foreigners, mostly of Genoese and Venetian origin.
- Byzantines:
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