Lincoln is a town in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 21,105 at the 2010 census. Lincoln is located in northeastern Rhode Island, north of Providence.Lincoln was settled in the 17th century and several colonial stone-enders still exist in the town. Lincoln Woods State Park is located within the town. The Hassaquansett tribe originally inhabited the area.Limestone quarrying has occurred there since colonial times at the village of Lime Rock.