Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин; 19 November [O.S. 7 November] 1875 – 3 June 1946), known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Stalinist functionary, who served as the nominal head of state of Russia and later of the Soviet Union from 1919 to 1946, but effectively subordinate to Joseph Stalin.
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