Cawthorne is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire, England. The village was once the centre of a localised iron and coal mining industry, though today it is the centre of a very affluent commuter belt, west of Barnsley. At the 2001 census it had a population of 1,108.The village has a choral society, a brass band,[1] a museum, a stately home (Cannon Hall), and a Young Farmers Club.