Chet D. Traylor (born October 12, 1945) is a retired associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court from Monroe, Louisiana, who was defeated in the Republican primary election on August 28, 2010, for the U.S. Senate seat held since 2005 by the incumbent David Vitter of New Orleans. Traylor polled fewer than 10 percent of the ballots cast in a low-turnout election, compared to nearly 90 percent for Vitter.