The desert rat-kangaroo (Caloprymnus campestris), also called the buff-nosed rat-kangaroo or the plains rat-kangaroo, is an extinct small hopping marsupial endemic to desert regions of Central Australia. It was discovered in the early 1840s and described by John Gould in London in 1843, on the basis of three specimens sent to him by George Grey, the governor of South Australia at the time.