Eric Richard Kandel (German: [ˈkandəl]; born November 7, 1929) is an American neuropsychiatrist. He was a recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. He shared the prize with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard.Kandel, who had studied psychoanalysis, wanted to understand how memory works.