Franz-Valéry-Marie Cumont (Aalst, Belgium, 3 January 1868 – Woluwe-Saint-Pierre near Brussels, 20 August 1947) was a Belgian archaeologist and historian, a philologist and student of epigraphy, who brought these often isolated specialties to bear on the syncretic mystery religions of Late Antiquity, notably Mithraism. Cumont was a graduate of the University of Ghent (PhD, 1887).