George Holmes Howison (1834–1916) was an American philosopher who established the philosophy department at the University of California, Berkeley and held the position there of Mills Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and Civil Polity. He also founded the Philosophical Union, one of the oldest philosophical organizations in the United States.Howison put "the world" in "it's" place through his metaphysical theory of personal idealism, wherein Mutual Reciprocity (p. 7, p.