Henochilus wheatlandii is a species of characin endemic to Brazil where native to the Mucuri and Doce River basins. It is a Critically Endangered species, and now restricted to the Santo Antônio River, a tributary of the Doce River. It is the only species in the genus Henochilus. It is a critically endangered species, and was considered extinct for more than a century, until rediscovered in 1996. This species is known to feed on plants.