James Falconer "Jefferson Jim" Wilson (October 19, 1828 – April 22, 1895) was a lawyer, Republican U.S. Congressman from Iowa's 1st congressional district during the American Civil War, and a two-term U.S. Senator from Iowa. He was a pioneer in the advancement of federal protection for civil rights.In the last half of the nineteenth century, two unrelated Iowans named James Wilson achieved high office, necessitating an early form of disambiguation. Representative and Senator James F.