James Henry Fleming (Toronto, July 5, 1872 – June 27, 1940) was a Canadian ornithologist. His father was Scottish, and sixty years old when his son was born. James became interested in birds at the age of 12. He was an associate member of the Royal Canadian Institute at 16. In 1916, he became a fellow of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU), and by 21 was an associate member. He eventually became its president, holding the post from 1932 to 1935.