James Taylor Ellyson (May 20, 1847 – March 18, 1919) was a U.S. political figure from the Commonwealth of Virginia who served in a number of state political positions. Born in Richmond, Virginia, Ellyson began his political career as a member of the Richmond City Council. In his long political career, he went on to serve in the Senate of Virginia, as mayor of Richmond (1888–1894), and for twelve years (1906–1918) as the 20th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.