Jean James Charest, PC (born John James Charest) (pronounced: [ʒɑ̃ ʃɑʁɛ]; born June 24, 1958) was the 29th Premier of Quebec, from 2003 to 2012. He lost the provincial election held September 4, 2012, and resigned as Premier on September 19. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Canada from June 25, 1993, until November 4, 1993. Charest was the leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1993 to 1998, and was the leader of the Quebec Liberal Party from 1998 to 2012.