Jerzy Marian Grotowski (Polish pronunciation: ['jɛʐɨ grɔ'tɔfskʲi]; 11 August 1933 – 14 January 1999) was a Polish innovative theatre director and theorist whose approaches to acting, training and theatrical production have significantly influenced theatre today. He was born in Rzeszów, in South-eastern Poland in 1933 and studied acting and directing at the State Theatre School in Kraków and in Moscow.