John Samuel Sherburne (1757 – August 2, 1830) was a lawyer, politician, and United States federal judge from Portsmouth, New Hampshire.Born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Sherburne was a descendant of John Sherburne, an early New Hampshire pioneer who arrived from England in 1632. John Samuel Sherburne graduated from Dartmouth College in 1776 and attended the law department of Harvard University. He read law to be admitted to the bar and commenced private practice in Portsmouth in 1776.