Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, PC (July 17, 1837 – March 30, 1886), was a French Canadian politician, who served in the federal Cabinet and also as Premier of Quebec.He was born in Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier, Lower Canada, the son of Louis Mousseau, the son of Alexis Mousseau, and Sophie Duteau, dit Grandpré. Mousseau was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons as a Conservative Member of Parliament in the 1874 election for the riding of Bagot, and was re-elected three times.