Joseph-Octave Samson (9 January 1862 – 10 December 1945) was a Canadian politician, serving as Mayor of Quebec City from March 1920 to March 1926.After working with business interests, including his joint founding of the Samson & Filion Hardware company in 1887, Samson became a Quebec City councillor at the Saint-Pierre ward from 1904 to 1906 and again from 1908 to 1910. Samson was elected mayor of Quebec City on 16 February 1920.