Joshua Pilcher (March 15, 1790 in Culpeper County, Virginia – June 5, 1843 in St. Louis, Missouri) was an American fur trader and Indian agent. After Manuel Lisa's death in 1820, Pilcher became the owner and president of the Missouri Fur Company, based in St. Louis. He was appointed US Superintendent for Indian Affairs (1838-1843) in the region after William Clark.