Maria Illarionovna Prokhorova (Russian: Мария Илларионовна Прохорова, Russian pronunciation: [mɐˈriə ɪllərɪˈonəvnə ˈproxərəvə]) was a Russian scientist, biologist, the Head of Molotov University, the Dean of Faculty of Biology and Soil Studies at Leningrad State University; also she was the Head of A.A. Ukhtomsky Physiology Institute, a member of International Society for Neurochemistry, Doctor of Biology, and professor.