Mathews County Courthouse Square is a national historic district located at Mathews, Mathews County, Virginia. It encompasses seven contributing buildings, one contributing site, two contributing structures, and 2 contributing objects on Courthouse Square. The courthouse is a T-shaped, Federal style brick building constructed in 1792-1795. Associated with the courthouse are the clerks office (1859), the former jail and later sheriffs office, "Old Jail," and Mathews County Library (1930).