New Shoreham is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The town is coextensive with Block Island. The population was 1,041 at the 2010 census, making it the least-populous municipality in the state. New Shoreham was named for Shoreham, Kent, in England.Historic Harbor Church, founded on October 23, 1765, is located at 21 Water Street in New Shoreham.