Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Пирого́в; IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ pʲɪrɐˈɡofʲ]) (25 November [O.S. 13 November] 1810 – 5 December [O.S. 23 November] 1881) was a prominent Russian scientist, medical doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847). He is considered to be the founder of field surgery, and was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic.