Norine A. MacDonald QC is the President and Founder of The International Council on Security and Development (ICOS), an international security and development think tank founded in 2002 with offices in Kabul, London, Rio de Janeiro, Brussels and Paris, and field offices in the Afghan cities of Lashkar Gah and Kandahar City.ICOS provides innovative analysis and recommendations on the connections between foreign policy, security, development and counter-narcotics policies.