Captain Oliver Cromwell Applegate (June 11, 1845 – October 11, 1938) was an American politician and Indian agent in the state of Oregon. A member of the Applegate family that helped open the Applegate Trail, he was raised in Southern Oregon where he later was in charge of the Klamath Indian Reservation. He worked as a scout during the Modoc War, was an Indian agent for all of Oregon, and was an editor of the Ashland Tidings.