Paraffection S.A. is a subsidiary of Chanel, established in 1997 to preserve and promote the heritage, craft and manufacturing skills of fashion artisan workshops. The specialist workshops continue to be independent and are therefore free to supply and collaborate with other houses. Dominique Barbiery was appointed Director of Paraffection in 2009. In 1984 Chanel acquired the costume jewellery and button maker Desrues, and later the ateliers of Michel and Lemarié.