Peru is a city in, and the county seat of, Miami County, Indiana, United States. The population was 11,417 at the 2010 census, making it the most populous city in Miami County. Peru is located along the Wabash River, which divides the city in two.Residents usually pronounce the name of Peru like the name of the South American nation of Peru is commonly pronounced in American English. Elderly Hoosiers commonly use the archaic pronunciation of /ˈpɪəruː/ PEER-oo.