Peter Randolph (1779 – January 30, 1832) was a United States federal judge.Born in Nottoway County, Virginia, Randolph attended the College of William and Mary, and read law to enter the bar in 1806. He was in private practice in Nottoway County from 1806 to 1812, during which time he also served as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Virginia State Militia from 1807 to 1810, and as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates.