Philip Pendleton Barbour (May 25, 1783 – February 25, 1841) was Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He is the only individual to serve as both Speaker of the House, and as a Justice on the Supreme Court. He was also the brother of Virginia governor and U.S. Secretary of War James Barbour as well as the first cousin of John S. Barbour and first cousin, once removed of John S. Barbour, Jr..