The province of Taranto (Italian: provincia di Taranto), previously known as the province of the Ionian, is a province in the Apulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Taranto. It has an area of 2,437 square kilometres (941 sq mi), and a total population of 578,465 (2001). There are 29 comuni (singular: comune) in the province, all of which are listed at comunes of the Province of Taranto.