Rufus Edward Foster (May 22, 1871 – August 23, 1942) was a United States federal judge.Born in Mathews County, Virginia, Foster received an LL.B. from Tulane Law School in 1895. He was in the United States Army Lieutenant from 1898 to 1899. He was an Assistant U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1905 to 1908. He was the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Louisiana in 1908. He was a Professor of law, Tulane University from 1912 to 1927.