Dr. Sextus Barbour (July 26, 1813 – December 20, 1848) was a prominent American physician and planter. As the son of Philip Pendleton Barbour (May 25, 1783 – February 25, 1841), U.S. Congressman from Virginia and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, Barbour was a scion of the Barbour political family. Barbour was a nephew of James Barbour, Governor of Virginia, and a first cousin once removed of John S. Barbour, Member of the U.S.