Théodore (Teodoro) Caruel (27 June 1830, Chandernagor – 4 December 1898, Florence) was an Italian botanist of French-English parentage who specialized in flora of Tuscany.He was born in Chandernagor, a French colonial enclave north of Calcutta, where his father served as a French official. At the age of 15, he moved with his family to Florence, where soon afterwards, he developed an interest in natural sciences, in particular, flora native to Tuscany.