. . "The Centre national d'\u00E9tudes spatiales (CNES) (English: National Centre for Space Studies) is the French government space agency (administratively, a \"public administration with industrial and commercial purpose\"). Its headquarters are located in central Paris and it is under the supervision of the French Ministries of Defence and Research.It operates out of the Toulouse Space Center and Guiana Space Centre, but also has payloads launched from space centres operated by other countries."@en .