"In probability theory, Hoeffding's inequality provides an upper bound on the probability that the sum of random variables deviates from its expected value. Hoeffding's inequality was proved by Wassily Hoeffding in 1963.Hoeffding's inequality is a special case of the Azuma\u2013Hoeffding inequality, and it is more general than the Bernstein inequality, proved by Sergei Bernstein in 1923. They are also special cases of McDiarmid's inequality."@en .