. . "Habsburgvictory" . . . "Italian Wars"@en . "The Italian Wars, often referred to as the Great Italian Wars or the Great Wars of Italy and sometimes as the Habsburg\u2013Valois Wars or the Renaissance Wars, were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, most of the city-states of Italy, the Papal States, most of the major states of Western Europe (France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, England, and Scotland) as well as the Ottoman Empire."@en . "France, theHoly Roman Empire, the states of Italy (notably theRepublic of Venice, theDuchy of Milan, theKingdom of Naples, thePapal States, theRepublic of Florence, and theDuchy of Ferrara),England,Scotland,Spain, theOttoman Empire, theSwiss,Saxony, and others" .