. . "James Havard (born 1937) is an American painter and sculptor. He was a pioneer of abstract illusionism in the 1970s. In the 1980s he changed his style into a form of abstract expressionism influenced by Native American and tribal cultures as well as outsider art. Drawing inspiration from outsider and tribal art, Havard stands within a tradition that includes such notable artists as Paul Gauguin, Cy Twombly, Jean Dubuffet, Jean-Michel Basquiat, and Joseph Beuys."@en . "American artist" . . "James Pinkney Havard"@en . "1937Z"^^ . "Havard, James Pinkney"@en . "James Havard"@en . . . .