. . . . "John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 \u2013 March 31, 1850) was an American politician and political theorist during the first half of the 19th century. Hailing from South Carolina, Calhoun began his political career as a nationalist, modernizer, and proponent of a strong national government and protective tariffs."@en . . . . . . . "10thUnited States Secretary of War" . "7thVice President of the United States" . . . . . . . . . "John C Calhoun Signature.svg" . . . . . "United States Senator" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1850-03-31Z"^^ . "1782-03-18Z"^^ . "16thUnited States Secretary of State" . .