. "United States Army officer" . "1913-03-11Z"^^ . . "1913Z"^^ . . "1838-04-12Z"^^ . "John Shaw Billings"@en . . . "Billings, John Shaw"@en . "1838Z"^^ . . "John Shaw Billings (April 12, 1838 \u2013 March 11, 1913) was an American librarian and surgeon best known as the modernizer of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office of the Army and as the first director of the New York Public Library."@en . .