. "The Mapuche people of southern Chile has a long history dating back as an archaeological culture to 600\u2013500 BC. The Mapuche society had great transformations after Spanish contact in the mid\u201316th century. These changes included the adoption of Old World crops and animals and the onset of a rich Spanish\u2013Mapuche trade in La Frontera and Valdivia. Despite these contacts Mapuche were never completely subjugated by the Spanish Empire."@en .