"N\u00E9gritude is a literary and ideological philosophy, developed by francophone African intellectuals, writers, and politicians in France during the 1930s. Its initiators included Martinican poet Aim\u00E9 C\u00E9saire, L\u00E9opold S\u00E9dar Senghor (a future President of Senegal), and L\u00E9on Damas of French Guiana. N\u00E9gritude intellectuals disfavored French colonialism and claimed that the best strategy to oppose it was to encourage a common racial identity for black Africans worldwide."@en .