"Radical interpretation is interpretation of a speaker, including attributing beliefs and desires to them and meanings to their words, from scratch\u2014that is, without relying on translators, dictionaries, or specific prior knowledge of their mental states. The term was introduced by American philosopher Donald Davidson (1973) and is meant to suggest important similarity to W. V. O. Quine's term radical translation, which occurs in his work on the indeterminacy of translation."@en .