"France" . . "Vietnam" . "35,000 soldiers by summer 1885" . "10,000 Vietnamese soldiers" . "China" . "2,100 killed or wounded" . "French victory" . . "Tonkin Campaign"@en . "Black Flag Army" . . "The Tonkin Campaign was an armed conflict fought between June 1883 and April 1886 by the French against, variously, the Vietnamese, Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army and the Chinese Guangxi and Yunnan armies to occupy Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and entrench a French protectorate there."@en . . "50,000 Chinese soldiers" . "Campagne du Tonkin"@en . "3,000 Black Flag soldiers" . .